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The South China Sea (SCS) and the Java Sea (JS) are connected through theKarimata Strait, Gaspar Strait, and the southern Natuna Sea, where the tidesare often used as open boundary condition for tidal simulation in the SCS orIndonesian seas. Tides, tidal currents, and tidal energy fluxes of theprinciple constituents K1, O1, Q1, M2, S2, andN2 at five stations in this area have been analyzed using in situobservational data. The results show that the diurnal tides are the dominantconstituents in the entire study area. The constituent K1 has thelargest amplitude, exceeding 50 cm, whereas the amplitudes of M2 aresmaller than 5 cm at all stations. The amplitudes of S2 may exceedM2 in the Karimata and Gaspar straits. Tidal currents are mostly ofrectilinear type in this area. The semi-major axes lengths of the diurnaltidal current ellipses are about 10 cm s−1, and those of thesemidiurnal tidal currents are smaller than 5 cm s−1. The diurnaltidal energy flows from the SCS to the JS. The semidiurnal tidal energyflows from the SCS to the JS through the Karimata Strait and the easternpart of the southern Natuna Sea but flows in the opposite direction in theGaspar Strait and the western part of the southern Natuna Sea. Harmonicanalysis of sea level and current observation also suggest that the studyarea is located in the antinodal band of the diurnal tidal waves, and inthe nodal band of the semidiurnal tidal waves. Comparisons show that theexisting models are basically consistent with the observational results, butfurther improvements are necessary

Tidal elevation, current, and energy flux in the area between the South China Sea and Java Sea