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A 15-year (1997–2012) time series of chlorophyll a (Chl a) in the BalticSea, based on merged multi-sensor satellite data was analysed. Severalavailable Chl a algorithms were sea-truthed against the largest in situpublicly available Chl a data set ever used for calibration and validation overthe Baltic region. To account for the known biogeochemical heterogeneity ofthe Baltic, matchups were calculated for three separate areas: (1) the Skagerrak and Kattegat,(2) the central Baltic, including the Baltic Properand the gulfs of Riga and Finland, and (3) the Gulf of Bothnia. Similarly,within the operational context of the Copernicus Marine EnvironmentMonitoring Service (CMEMS) the three areas were also considered as a wholein the analysis. In general, statistics showed low linearity. However, abootstrapping-like assessment did provide the means for removing the biasfrom the satellite observations, which were then used to compute basinaverage time series. Resulting climatologies confirmed that the three regionsdisplay completely different Chl a seasonal dynamics. The Gulf of Bothniadisplays a single Chl a peak during spring, whereas in the Skagerrak andKattegat the dynamics are less regular and composed of highs and lows duringwinter, progressing towards a small bloom in spring and a minimum in summer. In thecentral Baltic, Chl a follows a dynamics of a mild spring bloom followed by amuch stronger bloom in summer. Surface temperature data are able to explaina variable fraction of the intensity of the summer bloom inthe central Baltic.

Remote sensing of chlorophyll in the Baltic Sea at basin scale from 1997 to 2012 using merged multi-sensor data