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Analytical solutions are found for the problem of instability of a weakgeostrophic flow with linear velocity shear accounting for vertical diffusionof buoyancy. The analysis is based on the potential-vorticity equation in along-wave approximation when the horizontal scale of disturbances isconsidered much larger than the local baroclinic Rossby radius. It ishypothesized that the solutions found can be applied to describe stable andunstable disturbances of the planetary scale with respect, in particular, to theArctic Ocean, where weak baroclinic fronts with typical temporal variabilityperiods on the order of several years or more have been observed and the<i>β</i> effect is negligible. Stable (decaying with time) solutions describedisturbances that, in contrast to the Rossby waves, can propagate to both thewest and east, depending on the sign of the linear shear of geostrophicvelocity. The unstable (growing with time) solutions are applied to explainthe formation of large-scale intrusions at baroclinic fronts under thestable–stable thermohaline stratification observed in the upper layer of the Polar Deep Water in the Eurasian Basin. The suggested mechanism of formationof intrusions can be considered a possible alternative to the mechanism ofinterleaving at the baroclinic fronts due to the differential mixing

Generation of large-scale intrusions at baroclinic fronts: an analytical consideration with a reference to the Arctic Ocean