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This paper describes recent developments based on advances in coastal oceanforecasting in the fields of numerical modeling, data assimilation, andobservational array design, exemplified by the Coastal Observing System forthe North and Arctic Seas (COSYNA). The region of interest is the North andBaltic seas, and most of the coastal examples are for the German Bight.Several pre-operational applications are presented to demonstrate the outcomeof using the best available science in coastal ocean predictions. Theapplications address the nonlinear behavior of the coastal ocean, which forthe studied region is manifested by the tidal distortion and generation ofshallow-water tides. Led by the motivation to maximize the benefits of theobservations, this study focuses on the integration of observations andmodeling using advanced statistical methods. Coastal and regional oceanforecasting systems do not operate in isolation but are linked, either weaklyby using forcing data or interactively using two-way nesting orunstructured-grid models. Therefore, the problems of downscaling andupscaling are addressed, along with a discussion of the potential influenceof the information from coastal observatories or coastal forecasting systemson the regional models. One example of coupling coarse-resolution regionalmodels with a fine-resolution model interface in the area of straitsconnecting the North and Baltic seas using a two-way nesting method ispresented. Illustrations from the assimilation of remote sensing, in situand high-frequency (HF) radar data, the prediction of wind waves and stormsurges, and possible applications to search and rescue operations are alsopresented. Concepts for seamless approaches to link coastal and regionalforecasting systems are exemplified by the application of anunstructured-grid model for the Ems Estuary

Ocean forecasting for the German Bight: from regional to coastal scales