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The oceanic sink of carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important part of theglobal carbon budget. Understanding uncertainties in the calculation of thisnet flux into the ocean is crucial for climate research. One of the sourcesof the uncertainty within this calculation is the parameterization chosenfor the CO2 gas-transfer velocity. We used a recently developedsoftware toolbox, called the FluxEngine (Shutler et al., 2016), to estimatethe monthly air–sea CO2 fluxes for the extratropical North AtlanticOcean, including the European Arctic, and for the global ocean using severalpublished quadratic and cubic wind speed parameterizations of the gas-transfer velocity. The aim of the study is to constrain the uncertaintycaused by the choice of parameterization in the North Atlantic Ocean. Thisregion is a large oceanic sink of CO2, and it is also a regioncharacterized by strong winds, especially in winter but with good in situdata coverage. We show that the uncertainty in the parameterization issmaller in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic than in the global ocean.It is as little as 5 % in the North Atlantic and 4 % in the EuropeanArctic, in comparison to 9 % for the global ocean when restricted toparameterizations with quadratic wind dependence. This uncertainty becomes46, 44, and 65 %, respectively, when all parameterizations areconsidered. We suggest that this smaller uncertainty (5 and 4 %) iscaused by a combination of higher than global average wind speeds in theNorth Atlantic (> 7 ms−1) and lack of any seasonal changesin the direction of the flux direction within most of the region. We alsocompare the impact of using two different in situ pCO2 data sets (Takahashi etal. (2009) and Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) v1.5 and v2.0, for the flux calculation. Theannual fluxes using the two data sets differ by 8 % in the North Atlanticand 19 % in the European Arctic. The seasonal fluxes in the Arcticcomputed from the two data sets disagree with each other possibly due toinsufficient spatial and temporal data coverage, especially in winter

ocean science

Effect of gas-transfer velocity parameterization choice on air–sea CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; fluxes in the North Atlantic Ocean and the European Arctic