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Helium isotopes (3He, 4He) are useful tracers forinvestigating the deep ocean circulation and for evaluating ocean generalcirculation models, because helium is a stable and conservative nuclide thatdoes not take part in any chemical or biological process. Helium in the oceanoriginates from three different sources, namely, (i) gas dissolution inequilibrium with atmospheric helium, (ii) helium-3 addition by radioactivedecay of tritium (called tritiugenic helium), and (iii) injection ofterrigenic helium-3 and helium-4 by the submarine volcanic activity whichoccurs mainly at plate boundaries, and also addition of (mainly) helium-4from the crust and sedimentary cover by α-decay of uranium and thoriumcontained in various minerals. We present the first simulation of the terrigenic helium isotope distributionin the whole Mediterranean Sea using a high-resolution model (NEMO-MED12).For this simulation we build a simple source function for terrigenic heliumisotopes based on published estimates of terrestrial helium fluxes. Weestimate a hydrothermal flux of 3.5 mol3 He yr−1 and a lowerlimit for the crustal flux at 1.6 × 10−74He mol m−2 yr−1. In addition to providing constraints on helium isotope degassing fluxes inthe Mediterranean, our simulations provide information on the ventilation ofthe deep Mediterranean waters which is useful for assessing NEMO-MED12performance. This study is part of the work carried out to assess therobustness of the NEMO-MED12 model, which will be used to study the evolutionof the climate and its effect on the biogeochemical cycles in theMediterranean Sea, and to improve our ability to predict the future evolutionof the Mediterranean Sea under the increasing anthropogenic pressure

Simulation of the mantle and crustal helium isotope signature in the Mediterranean Sea using a high-resolution regional circulation model