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The seasonal and year-to-year variability of the phytoplankton size class(PSC) spatial distribution has been examined in the Mediterranean Sea byusing the entire time series of Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor(SeaWiFS) space observations (1998–2010). Daily maps of PSCs have beendetermined using an empirical model based on a synoptic relationship betweensurface chlorophyll a and diagnostic pigments referred to differenttaxonomic groups. The analysis of micro-, nano- and pico-phytoplanktonsatellite time series (1998–2010) describes, quantitatively, the algalassemblage structure over the basin and reveals that the main contribution tochlorophyll a in most of the Mediterranean Sea comes from thepico-phytoplankton component, especially in nutrient-poor environments.Regions with different and peculiar features are the NorthwesternMediterranean Sea, the Alborán Sea and several coastal areas, such as theNorth Adriatic Sea. In these areas, local interactions between physical andbiological components modulate the composition of the three phytoplanktonsize classes. It results that, during the spring bloom season,micro-phytoplankton dominates in areas of intense vertical winter mixing anddeep/intermediate water formation, while in coastal areas micro-phytoplanktondominates in all seasons because of the nutrient supply from the terrestrialinputs. In the Alborán Sea, where the Atlantic inflow modulates thenutrient availability, any predominance of one class over the other two hasbeen observed. The nano-phytoplankton component instead remains widespreadover the entire basin along the year, and its contribution to chlorophyll ais of the order of 30–40 %. The largest inter-annual signal occurs inthe Northwestern Mediterranean Sea, driven by the year-to-year variation inintensity and extension of the spring bloom, followed by the Alborán Sea,in which the inter-annual variability is strongly modulated by the Atlanticinflow.In absence of sufficient in situ data of community composition, thesatellite-based analysis demonstrated that pico-, nano- and micro-phytoplankton classesoften coexist. The predominance of one group over the other ones is stronglydependent on the physical and biological processes occurring at the mesoscale. Theseprocesses directly influence the nutrient and light availability, which arethe principal forcing for the algae growth

Spatio-temporal variability of micro-, nano- and pico-phytoplankton in the Mediterranean Sea from satellite ocean colour data of SeaWiFS