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We analyzed the ability of the Estimating the Circulationand Climate of the Ocean – Phase II (ECCO2) reanalysisto represent the hydrographic properties and variabilityof Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) in the SouthernOcean. We used a 20-year (1992–2011) observationaldatabase to perform comparisons of hydrographic propertiesand reanalysis output for the same time period. Fourcase studies based on current meter data and the AABWvolume transport estimates previously reported in the literaturewere also evaluated. The opening and maintenance of anoceanic polynya in the Weddell Sea sector is observed after2004 in the reanalysis product. Moreover, intense deep waterproduction due to deep convection occurs, which leads to ascenario in which the Weddell Sea is flooded with AABW.For this reason, our analyses focused on the period that wasidentified as more reliable (1992–2004). The main SouthernOcean oceanographic features, as well as the characteristicshape of the regional potential temperature–salinity (θ–S) diagrams,are coincident with observations. However, the reanalysisoutput produces surface waters that are generallydenser than observations due to the reproduction of watersthat are generally saltier than expected, which probably resultedfrom the strong seasonality of sea ice concentrations.Bottom waters are warmer and less dense, while intermediatewaters are statistically closest to the observations. The differencesin bottom water properties are partially due to theinability of the reanalysis to properly reproduce the formationand export of dense waters from the shelf and the consequentabsence of the densest AABW variety for most of theanalyzed period. Despite differences in the absolute values,the upper AABW limit (γn ≥ 28.27 kg m−3) and AABW occupiedarea estimates are coincident with the observations in the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) repeatsections SR2 and SR4. Moreover, the AABW volume exportand current velocity variability are correlated with theobserved time series in the most important region of densewater export (i.e., the Weddell Sea). Despite the consistencyin terms of variability, the absolute volume transport and velocityestimates are underrepresented in all cases

Assessment of the representation of Antarctic Bottom Water properties in the ECCO2 reanalysis