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We have investigated mechanisms for the Atlantic Meridional OverturningCirculation (AMOC) variability at 26.5° N (other than the Ekmancomponent) that can be related to external forcings, in particular windvariability. Resolution dependence is studied using identical experimentswith 1° and 1/4° NEMO model runs over 1960–2010.  The analysis shows that much of the variability in the AMOC at26° N can be related to the wind strength over the North Atlantic, throughmechanisms lagged on different timescales. At ~ 1-year lag theJanuary–June difference of mean sea level pressure between high andmid-latitudes in the North Atlantic explains 35–50% of the interannualAMOC variability (with negative correlation between wind strength and AMOC).At longer lead timescales ~ 4 years, strong (weak) winds over thenorthern North Atlantic (specifically linked to the NAO index) are followedby higher (lower) AMOC transport, but this mechanism only works in the1/4° model. Analysis of the density correlations suggests an increase(decrease) in deep water formation in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre to bethe cause. Therefore another 30% of the AMOC variability at 26° N can berelated to density changes in the top 1000 m in the Labrador and Irmingerseas occurring ~ 4 years earlier

Mechanisms of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation variability simulated by the NEMO model