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Interannual correlation between satellite-derived sea surface temperature(SST) and surface chlorophyll a (Chl a) are examined in the coastalupwelling zone off Punta Eugenia on the west coast of the Baja CaliforniaPeninsula, an area than has been identified as having intense biologicalproductivity and oceanographic transition between midlatitude and tropicalocean conditions. We used empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysisseparately and jointly on the two fields from 1997 through 2007, a timeperiod dominated by different remote forcing: ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) conditions (weak, moderateand strong) and the largest intrusion of subarctic water reported in the last50 years. Coastal upwelling index anomalies (CUI) and the multivariate ENSOindex (MEI) were used to identify the influence of local (wind stress) andremote (ENSO) forcing over the interannual variability of both variables. Thespatial pattern of the individual EOF1 analysis showed the greatervariability of SST and Chl a offshore, their corresponding amplitude timeseries presented the highest peaks during the strong 1997–2000 ElNiño–La Niña cycles and during the 2002–2004 period associated to the intrusionof subarctic water. The MEI is well correlated with the individual SSTprincipal component (R ≈ 0.67, P < 0.05) and poorlywith the individual Chl a principal component (R = −0.13). The joint EOF1 and theSST–Chl a correlation patterns show the area where both variables covarytightly; a band near the coast where the largest correlations occurred (| R| > 0.4) mainly regulated by ENSO cycles. This was spatiallyrevealed when we calculated the homogeneous correlations for the 1997–1999El Niño–La Niña period and during the 2002–2004 period, the intrusion ofsubarctic water period. Both, SST and Chl a showed higher coupling and twodistinct physical–biological responses: on average ENSO influence wasobserved clearly along the coast mostly in SST, while the subarctic waterinfluence, observed offshore and in Bahía Vizcaíno, mostly inChl a. We found coastal chlorophyll blooms off Punta Eugenia duringthe 2002–2003 period, an enrichment pattern similar to that observed off the coast ofOregon. These chlorophyll blooms are likely linked to high wind stressanomalies during 2002, mainly at high latitudes. This observation may providean explanation of why Punta Eugenia is one of the most important biologicalaction centers on the Pacific coast

ocean science

Interannual correlations between sea surface temperature and concentration of chlorophyll pigment off Punta Eugenia, Baja California, during different remote forcing conditions