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An extremely large earthquake (with magnitude of 8.2) happened on 8 August 1993 near the Guam island, and ultra-low-frequency (ULF) (frequency less than 1 Hz) elec- tromagnetic fields were measured by 3-axis induction mag- netometers at an observing station (with the epicentral dis- tance of 65 km) with sampling frequency of 1 Hz. In order to study electromagnetic signature of prefracture criticality, we have undertaken the fractal (mono-fractal) analysis by means of the Higuchi's method for the ULF data during the 1993 Guam earthquake. Then, it is found that the fractal dimen- sion exhibits five maxima 99, 75, 52, 21, and 9-4 days before the earthquake main shock, which suggests the ULF electro- magnetic signature of nonlinear evolution (in the sense of self-organized criticality) taking place in the lithosphere just before the 1993 large Guam earthquake. That is, there take place step-like changes in the lithosphere during the long- term of the order of several months before the main shock.

Fractal analysis for the ULF data during the 1993 Guam earthquake to study prefracture criticality