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The spread-Es phenomenon which appears as diffusivity of the traces of sporadic E-layers on the iono- grammes of vertical sounding stations and which reflects the turbulization of the sporadic layers Es is studied in connec- tion with earthquake preparation processes. Spread-Es data obtained at night every 15 min by the midlatitudinal vertical sounding station of the ionosphere in Dushanbe ( =38.5 N, =68.8 E) are analysed. Groups of earthquakes with differ- ent magnitudes and different distances between the epicenter and the sounding station are considered. A statistical analysis of the obtained results is performed. It is shown that during the three nights before an earthquake, spread-Es phenomena are observed more often than during the forth, fifth and sixth nights before the event. This effect is found to depend on both the magnitude of the earthquake and the distance be- tween the epicenter and the sounding station.

On spread-&lt;i&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; effects in the ionosphere before earthquakes

On spread-<i>E<sub>s</sub></i> effects in the ionosphere before earthquakes