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SANIFS (Southern Adriatic Northern Ionian coastal Forecasting System) is acoastal-ocean operational system based on the unstructured gridfinite-element three-dimensional hydrodynamic SHYFEM model, providingshort-term forecasts. The operational chain is based on a downscalingapproach starting from the large-scale system for the entire MediterraneanBasin (MFS, Mediterranean Forecasting System), which provides initial andboundary condition fields to the nested system.  The model is configured to provide hydrodynamics and active tracer forecastsboth in open ocean and coastal waters of southeastern Italy using a variablehorizontal resolution from the open sea (3–4 km) to coastal areas (50–500 m).  Given that the coastal fields are driven by a combination of both local (also known as coastal) and deep-oceanforcings propagating along the shelf, the performance of SANIFS was verified both in forecast and simulationmode, first (i) on the large and shelf-coastal scales by comparing with a large-scale surveyCTD (conductivity–temperature–depth)in the Gulf of Taranto and then (ii) on the coastal-harbour scale (Mar Grande of Taranto) bycomparison with CTD, ADCP (acoustic doppler current profiler) and tide gauge data.  Sensitivity tests were performed on initialization conditions (mainly focused on spin-up procedures)and on surface boundary conditions by assessing the reliability of two alternative datasets atdifferent horizontal resolution (12.5 and 6.5 km).  The SANIFS forecasts at a lead time of 1 day were compared with the MFSforecasts, highlighting that SANIFS is able to retain the large-scale dynamicsof MFS. The large-scale dynamics of MFS are correctly propagated to the shelf-coastal scale, improvingthe forecast accuracy (+17 % for temperature and +6 % forsalinity compared to MFS). Moreover, the added value of SANIFS was assessedon the coastal-harbour scale, which is not covered by the coarse resolution ofMFS, where the fields forecasted by SANIFS reproduced the observations well(temperature RMSE equal to 0.11 °C).  Furthermore, SANIFS simulations were compared with hourly time series oftemperature, sea level and velocity measured on the coastal-harbour scale,showing a good agreement. Simulations in the Gulf of Taranto described acirculation mainly characterized by an anticyclonic gyre with the presence ofcyclonic vortexes in shelf-coastal areas. A surface water inflow from the opensea to Mar Grande characterizes the coastal-harbour scale

Coastal ocean forecasting with an unstructured grid model in the southern Adriatic and northern Ionian seas