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Italy is one of the most seismically active countries in Europe. Moderate to\udstrong earthquakes, with magnitudes of up to ∼ 7, have been\udhistorically recorded for many active faults. Currently, probabilistic\udseismic hazard assessments in Italy are mainly based on area source models,\udin which seismicity is modelled using a number of seismotectonic zones and\udthe occurrence of earthquakes is assumed uniform. However, in the past\uddecade, efforts have increasingly been directed towards using fault sources\udin seismic hazard models to obtain more detailed and potentially more\udrealistic patterns of ground motion. In our model, we used two categories of\udearthquake sources. The first involves active faults, and using geological slip\udrates to quantify the seismic activity rate. We produced an\udinventory of all fault sources with details of their geometric, kinematic, and\udenergetic properties. The associated parameters were used to compute the\udtotal seismic moment rate of each fault. We evaluated the magnitude–frequency\uddistribution (MFD) of each fault source using two models: a characteristic\udGaussian model centred at the maximum magnitude and a truncated\udGutenberg–Richter model. The second earthquake source category involves\udgrid-point seismicity, with a fixed-radius smoothed approach and a historical\udcatalogue were used to evaluate seismic activity. Under the assumption that\uddeformation is concentrated along faults, we combined the MFD derived from\udthe geometry and slip rates of active faults with the MFD from the spatially\udsmoothed earthquake sources and assumed that the smoothed seismic activity in\udthe vicinity of an active fault gradually decreases by a fault-size-driven\udfactor. Additionally, we computed horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) maps\udfor return periods of 475 and 2475 years. Although the ranges and gross\udspatial distributions of the expected accelerations obtained here are\udcomparable to those obtained through methods involving seismic catalogues and\udclassical zonation models, the spatial pattern of the hazard maps obtained\udwith our model is far more detailed. Our model is characterized by areas that\udare more hazardous and that correspond to mapped active faults, while\udprevious models yield expected accelerations that are almost uniformly\uddistributed across large regions. In addition, we conducted sensitivity tests\udto determine the impact on the hazard results of the earthquake rates derived\udfrom two MFD models for faults and to determine the relative contributions of\udfaults versus distributed seismic activity. We believe that our model\udrepresents advancements in terms of the input data (quantity and quality) and\udmethodology used in the field of fault-based regional seismic hazard\udmodelling in Italy

Integrating faults and past earthquakes into a probabilistic seismic hazard model for peninsular Italy