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The 3 August 2014 Ludian, China, Ms  =  6.5 earthquakecaused many large landslides. The biggest occurred at Hongshiyan near theepicenter, had a volume of 1.0  ×  107 m3 and dammed theNiulanjiang River, creating a large lake. Post-event field investigationsyielded detailed data on the following aspects: rock structure of thelandslide, the local lithology and geometry of the area around the landslide dam andcomposition and grain sizes of the debris avalanche. Based on these data,this work analyzes the geology and topography of the Hongshiyan area, andexplores reasons for the occurrence of an unusually large landslide at thislocation. Our analysis suggests the following conditions are responsible forthis catastrophic event. (1) Due to recent crustal deformation, intenseincision on the river increased topographic relief with steep slopes andscarps. (2) Combined structures, including unloading fissures, high-anglejoints and low-angle beds along the river, as well as an upper-strong andlower-weak interlayer structure on the slope, especially the existence ofweak layers in the slope, are important factors that contribute to this large failure. (3) Hongshiyan lies near an active fault, whereintense crustal deformation has resulted in rock fractures and weathering,and frequent earthquakes may progressively reduce the strength of the slope.(4) During the Ms  =  6.5 earthquake, the terrain and site conditions led toabnormally strong ground shaking. The combined impacts of these factorstriggered a very large landslide during a moderate-sized earthquake

natural hazards and earth system sciences

Contributing factors to the failure of an unusually large landslide triggered by the 2014 Ludian, Yunnan, China, &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;M&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;s&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = 6.5 earthquake