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The destruction caused by tropical cyclone (TC) Pam in March 2015 is considered one of theworst natural disasters in the history of Vanuatu. It has highlighted theneed for a better understanding of TC impacts and adaptation in the SouthwestPacific (SWP) region. Therefore, the key aims of this study are to (i) understandlocal perceptions of TC activity, (ii) investigate impacts of TCactivity and (iii) uncover adaptation strategies used to offset the impactsof TCs. To address these aims, a survey (with 130 participants from urbanareas) was conducted across three SWP small island states (SISs): Fiji,Vanuatu and Tonga (FVT). It was found that respondents generally had a highlevel of risk perception and awareness of TCs and the associated physicalimpacts, but lacked an understanding of the underlying weather conditions.Responses highlighted that current methods of adaptation generally occur atthe local level, immediately prior to a TC event (preparation of property,gathering of food, finding a safe place to shelter). However higher leveladaptation measures (such as the modification to building structures) mayreduce vulnerability further. Finally, we discuss the potential of utilisingweather-related traditional knowledge and non-traditional knowledge ofempirical and climate-model-based weather forecasts to improve TC outlooks,which would ultimately reduce vulnerability and increase adaptive capacity.Importantly, lessons learned from this study may result in the modificationand/or development of existing adaptation strategies

Tropical cyclone perceptions, impacts and adaptation in the Southwest Pacific: an urban perspective from Fiji, Vanuatu and Tonga