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Active long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (LP-DOAS) hasbeen an effective tool for measuring atmospheric trace gases for severaldecades. However, instruments were large, heavy and power-inefficient, makingtheir application to remote environments extremely challenging. Recentdevelopments in fibre-coupling telescope technology and the availability ofultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDS) have now allowed us to design andconstruct a lightweight, portable, low-power LP-DOAS instrument for use atremote locations and specifically for measuring degassing from activevolcanic systems. The LP-DOAS was used to measure sulfur dioxide (SO2)emissions from La Fossa crater, Vulcano, Italy, where column densities of upto 1.2 × 1018 molec cm−2 (~ 500 ppmm) weredetected along open paths of up to 400 m in total length. The instrument'sSO2 detection limit was determined to be2 × 1016 molec cm−2 (~ 8 ppmm), thereby makingquantitative detection of even trace amounts of SO2 possible. Theinstrument is capable of measuring other volcanic volatile species as well.Though the spectral evaluation of the recorded data showed that chlorinemonoxide (ClO) and carbon disulfide (CS2) were both below theinstrument's detection limits during the experiment, the upper limits for theX / SO2 ratio (X = ClO, CS2) could be derived, and yielded2 × 10−3 and 0.1, respectively. The robust design andversatility of the instrument make it a promising tool for monitoring ofvolcanic degassing and understanding processes in a range of volcanicsystems

Development of a portable active long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy system for volcanic gas measurements