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. Coccolithophores are a diverse group of calcifying phytoplankton,which are responsible for a large part of the modern oceanic carbonateproduction. Here, we describe novel or poorly known coccolithophores and novel life cycle combination coccospheres detected in samplescollected either in the Gulf of Aqaba in the northern Red Sea or in the Gulfof Naples in the western Mediterranean. These include Syracosphaera winteri, for which detachedcoccoliths have previously been recorded but both a formal description andtaxonomic affiliation were lacking, and five undescribed sets ofcombination cells linking HET and HOL forms for S. pulchra, S. mediterranea, S. azureaplaneta, S. lamina and S. orbicula. We also proposethe replacement name S. kareniae for the fossil species Deutschlandia gaarderae. We describe a new species ofthe genus Ophiaster, O. macrospinus, displaying a unique morphological and ecological distribution as well asputative combination cells of two variants of the deep-dwellingFlorisphaera profunda, which provide new insights on the affiliation of this genus within theCalcihaptophycideae. Additionally, in the family Papposphaeraceae wedetected a new species, Pappomonas vexillata, and combination cells of Picarola margalefi and of a speciesresembling Papposphaera arctica. Finally, we detected three novel, unpaired holococcolithophoreforms (Calyptrosphaera lluisae, Calicasphaera bipora and one form designated as Holococcolithophore A). Overall, this set of novel observations and ensuing discussionsprovide further insights into the diversity, evolution and life cyclecomplexity of coccolithophores in the oceans.

journal of micropalaeontology

Novel heterococcolithophores, holococcolithophores and life cycle combinations from the families Syracosphaeraceae and Papposphaeraceae and the genus &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Florisphaera&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;