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A controversial question concerning ancient geography is the location of theprime meridian which underlies the position data in Ptolemy'sGeography and runs through the Fortunate Islands. An answer to thisquestion is derived by means of a localisation of the places given by Ptolemyat the African western coast, i.e. in Mauritania Tingitana andLibya Interior, whose modern identifications are often uncertain orunknown. The origination of Ptolemy's positions from the distance data ofseafarings is considered. A comparison of his data with distances reported byPliny yields a satisfactory agreement. The localisation of Ptolemy's placesis based on distances derived from Ptolemy's coordinates and partly onfurther information by ancient authors. Through it previous identificationsare confirmed and new identifications are found. It shows that the FortunateIslands correspond to several eastern islands of the Canary Islands.Explanations are given for the errors of Ptolemy's position data. A likelyerror by Ptolemy barely considered is his repetition of a part ofMauritania Tingitana in his description of Libya Interior.The existence of this repetition is confirmed by an adjustment of atransformation between the positions of the duplicated places and astatistical test of the arranged model. A comparison of longitudinaldistances in different ancient sources reveals that the position of Ptolemy'sprime meridian is based on distances given by Marinos and Eratosthenes

The western coast of Africa in Ptolemy's &lt;i&gt;Geography&lt;/i&gt; and the location of his prime meridian

The western coast of Africa in Ptolemy's <i>Geography</i> and the location of his prime meridian