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. In this study, the impacts of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) ondaily precipitation regimes in China are examined using data from 713meteorological stations from 1960 to 2013. We discuss the annualprecipitation, frequency and intensity of rainfall events, and precipitationextremes for three phases (eastern Pacific El Nino – EP, Central PacificEl Nino – CP, and La Nina – LN) of ENSO events in both ENSOdeveloping and ENSO decaying years. A Mann–Whitney U test was applied toassess the significance of precipitation anomalies due to ENSO. Resultsindicated that the three phases each had a different impact on dailyprecipitation in China and that the impacts in ENSO developing and decayingyears were significantly different. EP phases caused less precipitation indeveloping years but more precipitation in decaying years; LN phases caused areverse pattern. The precipitation anomalies during CP phases weresignificantly different than those during EP phases, and a clear pattern wasfound in decaying years across China, with positive anomalies over northernChina and negative anomalies over southern China. Further analysis revealedthat anomalies in frequency and intensity of rainfall accounted for theseanomalies in annual precipitation; in EP developing years, negative anomaliesin both frequency and intensity of rainfall events resulted in less annualprecipitation, while in CP decaying years, negative anomalies in eitherfrequency or intensity typically resulted in reduced annual precipitation.ENSO events tended to trigger extreme precipitation events. In EP and CPdecaying years and in LN developing years, the number of very wet dayprecipitation ( R95 p ), the maximumrainfall in 1 day ( R x 1 d ), and the number of consecutive wetdays (CWD) all increased, suggesting an increased risk of flooding. On theother hand, more dry spells (DSs) occurred in EP developing years, suggestingan increased likelihood of droughts during this phase. Possible mechanismsresponsible for these rainfall anomalies are speculated to be the summermonsoon and tropical cyclone anomalies in ENSO developing and decaying years.

Influence of three phases of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on daily precipitation regimes in China