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. Long-term, high-frequency time series of passive tracers in precipitationand streamflow are essential for quantifying catchment transport and storageprocesses, but few such data sets are publicly available. Here we describe,present, and make available to the public two extensive data sets of stablewater isotopes in streamflow and precipitation at the Plynlimon experimentalcatchments in central Wales. Stable isotope data are available at 7-hourlyintervals for 17 months, and at weekly intervals for 4.25 years.Precipitation isotope values were highly variable in both data sets, and thehigh temporal resolution of the 7-hourly streamwater samples revealed richisotopic dynamics that were not captured by the weekly sampling. We used ensemble hydrograph separation to calculate new water fractions andtransit time distributions from both data sets. Transit time distributionsestimated by ensemble hydrograph separation were broadly consistent withthose estimated by spectral fitting methods, suggesting that they canreliably quantify the contributions of recent precipitation to streamflow.We found that on average, roughly 3 % of streamwater was made up ofprecipitation that fell within the previous 7 h, and 13 %–15 % ofstreamwater was made up of precipitation that fell within the previous week.The contributions of recent precipitation to streamflow were highest duringlarge events, as illustrated by comparing new water fractions for differentdischarges and precipitation rates. This dependence of new water fractionson water fluxes was also reflected in their seasonal variations, with lowernew water fractions and more damped catchment transit time distributions inspring and summer compared to fall and winter. We also compared new water fractions obtained from stable water isotopesagainst those obtained from concentrations of chloride, a solute frequentlyused as a passive tracer of catchment transport processes. After filteringthe chloride data for dry deposition effects, we found broadly similar newwater fractions using chloride and stable water isotopes, indicating thatthese different tracers may yield similar inferences about catchment storageand transport, if potentially confounding factors are eliminated. These stable isotope time series comprise some of the longest and mostdetailed publicly available catchment isotope data sets. They complementextensive solute data sets that are already publicly available forPlynlimon, enabling a wide range of future analyses of catchment behavior.

New water fractions and transit time distributions at Plynlimon, Wales, estimated from stable water isotopes in precipitation and streamflow