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. Fresh water is consumed during agricultural production. With the shortage ofwater resources, assessing the water use efficiency is crucial to effectivelymanage agricultural water resources. The water footprint is an improved indexfor water use evaluation, and it can reflect the quantity and types of waterusage during crop growth. This study aims to establish a method forcalculating the regional-scale water footprint of crop production based onhydrological processes, and the water footprint is quantified in terms ofblue and green water. This method analyses the water-use process during thegrowth of crops, which includes irrigation, precipitation, groundwater,evapotranspiration, and drainage, and it ensures a more credible evaluationof water use. As illustrated by the case of the Hetao irrigationdistrict (HID), China, the water footprint of wheat, corn and sunflowers werecalculated using this method. The results show that canal water loss andevapotranspiration were responsible for most of the water consumption andaccounted for 47.9 % and 41.8 % of the total consumption, respectively.The total water footprint of wheat, corn and sunflowers were 1380–2888, 942–1774 and2095–4855 m 3  t −1 , respectively, and the blue footprint accountsfor more than 86 %. The spatial distribution pattern of the green, blue andtotal water footprints for the three crops demonstrated that higher valuesoccurred in the eastern part of the HID, which had more precipitation and wasfurther away from the irrigation gate. This study offers a vital referencefor improving the method used to calculate the crop water footprint.

An improved method for calculating the regional crop water footprint based on a hydrological process analysis