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Global warming has already affected European rivers and their\udaquatic biota, and climate models predict an increase of temperature in\udcentral Europe over all seasons. We simulated the influence of expected\udchanges in heat wave intensity during the 21st century on water temperatures\udof a heavily impacted pre-alpine Austrian river and analysed future\udmitigating effects of riparian vegetation shade on radiant and turbulent\udenergy fluxes using the deterministic Heat Source model. Modelled\udstream water temperature increased less than 1.5 °C within the first\udhalf of the century. Until 2100, a more significant increase of around\ud3 °C in minimum, maximum and mean stream temperatures was predicted\udfor a 20-year return period heat event. The result showed clearly that in a\udhighly altered river system riparian vegetation was not able to fully\udmitigate the predicted temperature rise caused by climate change but would\udbe able to reduce water temperature by 1 to 2 °C. The removal of\udriparian vegetation amplified stream temperature increases. Maximum stream\udtemperatures could increase by more than 4 °C even in annual heat\udevents. Such a dramatic water temperature shift of some degrees, especially\udin summer, would indicate a total shift of aquatic biodiversity. The results\uddemonstrate that effective river restoration and mitigation require\udre-establishing riparian vegetation and emphasize the importance of\udland–water interfaces and their ecological functioning in aquatic\udenvironments

hydrology and earth system sciences

Can riparian vegetation shade mitigate the expected rise in stream temperatures due to climate change during heat waves in a human-impacted pre-alpine river?