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. Enhanced hillslope storage is utilised in “natural” flood management inorder to retain overland storm run-off and to reduce connectivity between fastsurface flow pathways and the channel. Examples include excavated ponds,deepened or bunded accumulation areas, and gullies and ephemeral channelsblocked with wooden barriers or debris dams. The performance of large, distributed networks of such measures is poorlyunderstood. Extensive schemes can potentially retain large quantities ofrun-off, but there are indications that much of their effectiveness can beattributed to desynchronisation of sub-catchment flood waves.Inappropriately sited measures may therefore increase, rather than mitigate,flood risk. Fully distributed hydrodynamic models have been applied inlimited studies but introduce significant computational complexity. Thelonger run times of such models also restrict their use for uncertaintyestimation or evaluation of the many potential configurations and stormsequences that may influence the timings and magnitudes of flood waves. Here a simplified overland flow-routing module and semi-distributedrepresentation of enhanced hillslope storage is developed. It is applied tothe headwaters of a large rural catchment in Cumbria, UK, where the use ofan extensive network of storage features is proposed as a flood mitigationstrategy. The models were run within a Monte Carlo framework against datafor a 2-month period of extreme flood events that caused significantdamage in areas downstream. Acceptable realisations and likelihoodweightings were identified using the GLUE uncertainty estimation framework.Behavioural realisations were rerun against the catchment model modifiedwith the addition of the hillslope storage. Three different drainage rateparameters were applied across the network of hillslope storage. The study demonstrates that schemes comprising widely distributed hillslopestorage can be modelled effectively within such a reduced complexityframework. It shows the importance of drainage rates from storage featureswhile operating through a sequence of events. We discuss limitations in thesimplified representation of overland flow-routing and representation andstorage, and how this could be improved using experimental evidence. Wesuggest ways in which features could be grouped more strategically and thusimprove the performance of such schemes.

A new method, with application, for analysis of the impacts on flood risk of widely distributed enhanced hillslope storage