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. Turbidity, a measure of water clarity, is monitored for a variety of purposesincluding (1) to help determine whether water is safe to drink, (2) toestablish background conditions of lakes and rivers and detect pollutioncaused by construction projects and stormwater discharge, (3) to studysediment transport in rivers and erosion in catchments, (4) to managesiltation of water reservoirs, and (5) to establish connections with aquaticbiological properties, such as primary production and predator–preyinteractions. Turbidity is typically measured with an optical probe thatdetects light scattered from particles in the water. Probes have definedupper limits of the range of turbidity that they can measure. The generalassumption is that when turbidity exceeds this upper limit, the values ofturbidity will be constant, i.e., the probe is “pegged”; however, thisassumption is not necessarily valid. In rivers with limited variation in thephysical properties of the suspended sediment, at lower suspended-sedimentconcentrations, an increase in suspended-sediment concentration will causea linear increase in turbidity. When the suspended-sediment concentration inthese rivers is high, turbidity levels can exceed the upper measurement limitof an optical probe and record a constant “pegged” value. However, atextremely high suspended-sediment concentrations, optical turbidity probes donot necessarily stay “pegged” at a constant value. Data fromthe ColoradoRiver in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, and a laboratory experiment bothdemonstrate that when turbidity exceeds instrument-pegged conditions,increasing suspended-sediment concentration (and thus increasing turbidity)may cause optical probes to record decreasing “false” turbidity values thatappear to be within the valid measurement range of the probe. Therefore,under high-turbidity conditions, other surrogate measurements of turbidity(e.g., acoustic-attenuation measurements or suspended-sediment samples) arenecessary to correct these low false turbidity measurements and accuratelymeasure turbidity.

Technical note: False low turbidity readings from optical probes during high suspended-sediment concentrations