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. Numerous basin aquifers in arid and semi-arid regions ofthe world derive a significant portion of their recharge from adjacentmountains. Such recharge can effectively occur through either streaminfiltration in the mountain-front zone (mountain-front recharge, MFR) orsubsurface flow from the mountain (mountain-block recharge, MBR). While athorough understanding of recharge mechanisms is critical forconceptualizing and managing groundwater systems, distinguishing between MFRand MBR is difficult. We present an approach that uses hydraulic head,chloride and electrical conductivity (EC) data to distinguish between MFRand MBR. These variables are inexpensive to measure, and may be readilyavailable from hydrogeological databases in many cases. Hydraulic heads canprovide information on groundwater flow directions and stream–aquifer interactions, whilechloride concentrations and EC values can be used to distinguish betweendifferent water sources if these have a distinct signature. Such informationcan provide evidence for the occurrence or absence of MFR and MBR. Thisapproach is tested through application to the Adelaide Plains basin, SouthAustralia. The recharge mechanisms of this basin have long been debated, inpart due to difficulties in understanding the hydraulic role of faults. Bothhydraulic head and chloride (equivalently, EC) data consistently suggestthat streams are gaining in the adjacent Mount Lofty Ranges and losing whenentering the basin. Moreover, the data indicate that not only the Quaternaryaquifers but also the deeper Tertiary aquifers are recharged through MFR andnot MBR. It is expected that this finding will have a significant impact onthe management of water resources in the region. This study demonstrates therelevance of using hydraulic head, chloride and EC data to distinguishbetween MFR and MBR.

Using hydraulic head, chloride and electrical conductivity data to distinguish between mountain-front and mountain-block recharge to basin aquifers