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Widespread irrigated agriculture and a growing populationdepend on the complex hydrology of the San Joaquin River basin inCalifornia. The challenge of managing this complex hydrology hinges, inpart, on understanding and quantifying how processes interact to support thegroundwater and surface water systems. Here, we use the integratedhydrologic platform ParFlow-CLM to simulate hourly 1 km gridded hydrologyover 1 year to study un-impacted groundwater–surface water dynamics in thebasin. Comparisons of simulated results to observations show the modelaccurately captures important regional-scale partitioning of water amongstreamflow, evapotranspiration (ET), snow, and subsurface storage. Analysisof this simulated Central Valley groundwater system reveals the seasonalcycle of recharge and discharge as well as the role of the small buttemporally constant portion of groundwater recharge that comes from themountain block. Considering uncertainty in mountain block hydraulicconductivity, model results suggest this component accounts for 7–23 %of total Central Valley recharge. A simulated surface water budget guides ahydrograph decomposition that quantifies the temporally variablecontribution of local runoff, valley rim inflows, storage, and groundwaterto streamflow across the Central Valley. Power spectra of hydrographcomponents suggest interactions with groundwater across the valley act toincrease longer-term correlation in San Joaquin River outflows. Finally,model results reveal hysteresis in the relationship between basin streamflowand groundwater contributions to flow. Using hourly model results, weinterpret the hysteretic cycle to be a result of daily-scale fluctuationsfrom precipitation and ET superimposed on seasonal and basin-scale recharge and discharge

Examining regional groundwater–surface water dynamics using an integrated hydrologic model of the San Joaquin River basin