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Besides its important role in the energy and water balance at the\udsoil–atmosphere interface, soil moisture can be a particular important\udfactor in mountain environments since it influences the amount of freezing\udand thawing in the subsurface and can affect the stability of slopes.\ud\ud  \ud\udIn spite of its importance, the technical challenges and its strong spatial\udvariability usually prevents soil moisture from being measured operationally\udat high and/or middle altitudes. This study describes the new Swiss soil\udmoisture monitoring network SOMOMOUNT (soil moisture in mountainous terrain)\udlaunched in 2013. It consists of six entirely automated soil moisture\udstations distributed along an altitudinal gradient between the Jura Mountains\udand the Swiss Alps, ranging from 1205 to 3410 m a.s.l. in elevation. In\udaddition to the standard instrumentation comprising frequency domain sensor\udand time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensors along vertical profiles, soil\udprobes and meteorological data are available at each station.\ud\ud  \ud\udIn this contribution we present a detailed description of the SOMOMOUNT\udinstrumentation and calibration procedures. Additionally, the liquid soil\udmoisture (LSM) data collected during the first 3 years of the project are\uddiscussed with regard to their soil type and climate dependency as well as\udtheir altitudinal distribution. The observed elevation dependency of LSM is\udfound to be non-linear, with an increase of the mean annual values up to\ud ∼  2000 m a.s.l. followed by a decreasing trend towards higher\udelevations. This altitude threshold marks the change between\udprecipitation-/evaporation-controlled and frost-affected LSM regimes. The\udformer is characterized by high LSM throughout the year and minimum values in\udsummer, whereas the latter typically exhibits long-lasting winter minimum LSM\udvalues and high variability during the summer

Monitoring soil moisture from middle to high elevation in Switzerland: set-up and first results from the SOMOMOUNT network