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Integrated water system modeling is a feasible approach to understandingsevere water crises in the world and promoting the implementation ofintegrated river basin management. In this study, a classic hydrologicalmodel (the time variant gain model: TVGM) was extended to an integrated watersystem model by coupling multiple water-related processes in hydrology,biogeochemistry, water quality, and ecology, and considering the interferenceof human activities. A parameter analysis tool, which included sensitivityanalysis, autocalibration and model performance evaluation, was developed toimprove modeling efficiency. To demonstrate the model performances, theShaying River catchment, which is the largest highly regulated and heavilypolluted tributary of the Huai River basin in China, was selected as the casestudy area. The model performances were evaluated on the key water-relatedcomponents including runoff, water quality, diffuse pollution load (ornonpoint sources) and crop yield. Results showed that our proposed modelsimulated most components reasonably well. The simulated daily runoff at mostregulated and less-regulated stations matched well with the observations. Theaverage correlation coefficient and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency were 0.85 and0.70, respectively. Both the simulated low and high flows at most stationswere improved when the dam regulation was considered. The dailyammonium–nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub>–N) concentration was also well captured withthe average correlation coefficient of 0.67. Furthermore, the diffuse sourceload of NH<sub>4</sub>–N and the corn yield were reasonably simulated at theadministrative region scale. This integrated water system model is expectedto improve the simulation performances with extension to more modelfunctionalities, and to provide a scientific basis for the implementation inintegrated river basin managements

hydrology and earth system sciences

Integrated water system simulation by considering hydrological and biogeochemical processes: model development, with parameter sensitivity and autocalibration