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A century of hydrologic modification has altered the physical and biological\uddrivers of landscape processes in the Everglades (Florida, USA). Restoring\udthe ridge–slough patterned landscape, a dominant feature of the historical\udsystem, is a priority but requires an understanding of pattern genesis and\uddegradation mechanisms. Physical experiments to evaluate alternative pattern\udformation mechanisms are limited by the long timescales of peat accumulation\udand loss, necessitating model-based comparisons, where support for a\udparticular mechanism is based on model replication of extant patterning and\udtrajectories of degradation. However, multiple mechanisms yield a central\udfeature of ridge–slough patterning (patch elongation in the direction of\udhistorical flow), limiting the utility of that characteristic for\uddiscriminating among alternatives. Using data from vegetation maps, we\udinvestigated the statistical features of ridge–slough spatial patterning\ud(ridge density, patch perimeter, elongation, patch size distributions, and\udspatial periodicity) to establish more rigorous criteria for evaluating model\udperformance and to inform controls on pattern variation across the\udcontemporary system. Mean water depth explained significant variation in\udridge density, total perimeter, and length : width ratios, illustrating an\udimportant pattern response to existing hydrologic gradients. Two independent\udanalyses (2-D periodograms and patch size distributions) provide strong\udevidence against regular patterning, with the landscape exhibiting neither a\udcharacteristic wavelength nor a characteristic patch size, both of which are\udexpected under conditions that produce regular patterns. Rather, landscape\udproperties suggest robust scale-free patterning, indicating genesis from the\udcoupled effects of local facilitation and a global negative feedback\udoperating uniformly at the landscape scale. Critically, this challenges\udwidespread invocation of scale-dependent negative feedbacks for explaining\udridge–slough pattern origins. These results help discern among genesis\udmechanisms and provide an improved statistical description of the landscape\udthat can be used to compare among model outputs, as well as to assess the\udsuccess of future restoration projects

Hydrologic controls on aperiodic spatial organization of the ridge–slough patterned landscape