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The longitudinal variation of salinity and the maximum salinity intrusionlength in an alluvial estuary are important environmental concerns for policymakers and managers since they influence water quality, water utilization andagricultural development in estuarine environments and the potential use ofwater resources in general. The supermoon total lunar eclipse is a rareevent. According to NASA, they have only occurred 5 times in the 1900s – in1910, 1928, 1946, 1964 and 1982. After the 28 September 2015 total lunareclipse, a Super Blood Moon eclipse will not recur before 8 October 2033. Inthis paper, for the first time, the impact of the combination of a supermoonand a total lunar eclipse on the salinity intrusion along an estuary isstudied. The 28 September 2015 supermoon total lunar eclipse is the focus ofthis study and the Sebou river estuary (Morocco) is used as an applicationarea. The Sebou estuary is an area with high agricultural potential, isbecoming one of the most important industrial zones in Morocco and it isexperiencing a salt intrusion problem. Hydrodynamic equations for tidal wavepropagation coupled with the Savenije theory and a numerical salinitytransport model (HEC-RAS software "Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System") are applied to study the impact of the supermoon total lunareclipse on the salinity intrusion. Intensive salinity measurements duringthis extreme event were recorded along the Sebou estuary. Measurements showeda modification of the shape of axial salinity profiles and a notable waterelevation rise, compared with normal situations. The two optimizationparameters (Van der Burgh's and dispersion coefficients) of the analytical model are estimatedbased on the Levenberg–Marquardt's algorithm (i.e., solving nonlinearleast-squares problems). The salinity transport model was calibrated andvalidated using field data. The results show that the two models describedvery well the salt intrusion during the supermoon total lunar eclipse day. Agood fit between computed salinity and measurements is obtained, as verifiedby statistical performance tests. These two models can give a rapidassessment of salinity distribution and consequently help to ensure thesafety of the water supply, even during such infrequent astronomicalphenomenon

hydrology and earth system sciences

Analytical and numerical study of the salinity intrusion in the Sebou river estuary (Morocco) – effect of the “Super Blood Moon” (total lunar eclipse) of 2015