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The need for accurate, real-time, reliable, and multi-scale soil watercontent (SWC) monitoring is critical for a multitude of scientificdisciplines trying to understand and predict the Earth's terrestrial energy,water, and nutrient cycles. One promising technique to help meet this demandis fixed and roving cosmic-ray neutron probes (CRNPs). However, therelationship between observed low-energy neutrons and SWC isaffected by local soil and vegetation calibration parameters. This effect maybe accounted for by a calibration equation based on local soil type and theamount of vegetation. However, determining the calibration parameters forthis equation is labor- and time-intensive, thus limiting the full potentialof the roving CRNP in large surveys and long transects, or its use in novelenvironments. In this work, our objective is to develop and test the accuracyof globally available datasets (clay weight percent, soil bulk density, andsoil organic carbon) to support the operability of the roving CRNP. Here, wedevelop a 1 km product of soil lattice water over the continental UnitedStates (CONUS) using a database of in situ calibration samples andglobally available soil taxonomy and soil texture data. We then test theaccuracy of the global dataset in the CONUS using comparisons from61 in situ samples of clay percent (RMSE  =  5.45 wt %,R2  =  0.68), soil bulk density (RMSE  =  0.173 g cm−3,R2  =  0.203), and soil organic carbon (RMSE  =  1.47 wt %, R2  =  0.175).Next, we conduct an uncertainty analysis of the global soil calibrationparameters using a Monte Carlo error propagation analysis (maximum RMSE ∼  0.035 cm3 cm−3 at a SWC  =  0.40 cm3 cm−3).In terms of vegetation, fast-growing crops (i.e., maizeand soybeans), grasslands, and forests contribute to the CRNP signalprimarily through the water within their biomass and this signal must beaccounted for accurate estimation of SWC. We estimated the biomasswater signal by using a vegetation index derived from MODIS imagery as aproxy for standing wet biomass (RMSE  <  1 kg m−2). Lastly, we makerecommendations on the design and validation of future roving CRNP experiments

Incorporation of globally available datasets into the roving cosmic-ray neutron probe method for estimating field-scale soil water content