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Urbanization strongly impacts aquatic ecosystems by decreasing water qualityand altering water cycles. Today, much effort is put towards the restorationand conservation of urban waterbodies to enhance ecosystem service provision,leading to liveable and sustainable cities. To enable a sustainablemanagement of waterbodies, the quantification of the temporal and spatialvariability of pollution levels and biogeochemical processes is essential.Stable isotopes have widely been used to identify sources of pollution inecosystems. For example, increased nitrogen levels in waterbodies are oftenaccompanied with a higher nitrogen stable isotope signature (δ15N), which can then be detected in higher trophic levels such asmussels. The main aim of this study was to assess the suitability of nitrogenstable isotopes as measured in mussels (Mytilus edulis), as anindicator able to resolve spatial and temporal variability of nitrogenpollution in an urban, tidally influenced estuary (Swan River estuary inWestern Australia). Nitrogen concentrations were generally low and nitrogenstable isotope values of nitrate throughout the estuary were well withinnatural values of uncontaminated groundwater, organic nitrate from soils, ormarine-derived sources, indicating groundwater inflow rather than pollutionby human activity was responsible for differences between sites. The δ15N signature in mussels was very stable over time within each site whichindicated that mussels can be used as time-integrated sentinel organisms inurban systems. In addition, our study shows that the nature of therelationship between δ15N in the mussels and the nitrate in thewater can provide insights into site-specific biogeochemical transformationof nutrients. We suggest that mussels and other sentinel organisms can becomea robust tool for the detection and characterization of the dynamics of anumber of emerging anthropogenic pollutants of concern in urban watersystems

Can mussels be used as sentinel organisms for characterization of pollution in urban water systems?