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We present HYPERstream, an innovative streamflow routing scheme based on thewidth function instantaneous unit hydrograph (WFIUH) theory, which isspecifically designed to facilitate coupling with weather forecasting andclimate models. The proposed routing scheme preserves geomorphologicaldispersion of the river network when dealing with horizontal hydrologicalfluxes, irrespective of the computational grid size inherited from theoverlaying climate model providing the meteorological forcing. This isachieved by simulating routing within the river network through suitabletransfer functions obtained by applying the WFIUH theory to the desired level ofdetail. The underlying principle is similar to the block-effective dispersionemployed in groundwater hydrology, with the transfer functions used torepresent the effect on streamflow of morphological heterogeneity at scalessmaller than the computational grid. Transfer functions are constructed foreach grid cell with respect to the nodes of the network where streamflow issimulated, by taking advantage of the detailed morphological informationcontained in the digital elevation model (DEM) of the zone of interest. Thesecharacteristics make HYPERstream well suited for multi-scale applications,ranging from catchment up to continental scale, and to investigate extremeevents (e.g., floods) that require an accurate description of routing throughthe river network. The routing scheme enjoys parsimony in the adoptedparametrization and computational efficiency, leading to a dramatic reductionof the computational effort with respect to full-gridded models at comparablelevel of accuracy. HYPERstream is designed with a simple andflexible modular structure that allows for the selection of anyrainfall-runoff model to be coupled with the routing scheme and the choice ofdifferent hillslope processes to be represented, and it makes the frameworkparticularly suitable to massive parallelization, customization according tothe specific user needs and preferences, and continuous development andimprovements

HYPERstream: a multi-scale framework for streamflow routing in large-scale hydrological model