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Paleoclimate research indicates that the Australian instrumental climaterecord (∼ 100 years) does not cover the full range of hydroclimaticvariability that is possible. To better understand the implications of thison catchment-scale water resources management, a 1013-year(1000–2012 common era (CE)) annual rainfall reconstruction was produced forthe Williams River catchment in coastal eastern Australia. No high-resolutionpaleoclimate proxies are located in the region and so a teleconnectionbetween summer sea salt deposition recorded in ice cores from East Antarcticaand rainfall variability in eastern Australia was exploited to reconstructthe catchment-scale rainfall record. The reconstruction shows thatsignificantly longer and more frequent wet and dry periods were experiencedin the preinstrumental compared to the instrumental period. This suggeststhat existing drought and flood risk assessments underestimate the true risksdue to the reliance on data and statistics obtained from only theinstrumental record. This raises questions about the robustness of existingwater security and flood protection measures and has serious implications forwater resources management, infrastructure design and catchment planning. Themethod used in this proof of concept study is transferable and enablessimilar insights into the true risk of flood/drought to be gained for otherpaleoclimate proxy poor regions for which suitable remote teleconnectedproxies exist. This will lead to improved understanding and ability to dealwith the impacts of multi-decadal to centennial hydroclimatic variability

An ice core derived 1013-year catchment-scale annual rainfall reconstruction in subtropical eastern Australia