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A new approach for the construction of high-resolution gridded fields ofreference evapotranspiration for the Austrian domain on a daily time step ispresented. Gridded data of minimum and maximum temperatures are used toestimate reference evapotranspiration based on the formulation ofHargreaves. The calibration constant in the Hargreaves equation isrecalibrated to the Penman–Monteith equation in a monthly and station-wiseassessment. This ensures, on one hand, eliminated biases of the Hargreavesapproach compared to the formulation of Penman–Monteith and, on the otherhand, also reduced root mean square errors and relative errors on a dailytimescale. The resulting new calibration parameters are interpolated overtime to a daily temporal resolution for a standard year of 365 days. Theoverall novelty of the approach is the use of surface elevation as the onlypredictor to estimate the recalibrated Hargreaves parameter in space. Athird-order polynomial is fitted to the recalibrated parameters againstelevation at every station which yields a statistical model for assessingthese new parameters in space by using the underlying digital elevationmodel of the temperature fields. With these newly calibrated parameters forevery day of year and every grid point, the Hargreaves method is applied tothe temperature fields, yielding reference evapotranspiration for the entiregrid and time period from 1961–2013. This approach is opening opportunitiesto create high-resolution reference evapotranspiration fields based onlytemperature observations, but being as close as possible to the estimates ofthe Penman–Monteith approach

Creating long-term gridded fields of reference evapotranspiration in Alpine terrain based on a recalibrated Hargreaves method