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Northern peatlands cover more than 350 million ha and are an importantsource of methane (CH4) and other biogenic gases contributing toclimate change. Free-phase gas (FPG) accumulation and episodic release hasrecently been recognized as an important mechanism for biogenic gas fluxfrom peatlands. It is likely that gas production and groundwater flow areinterconnected in peatlands: groundwater flow influences gas production byregulating geochemical conditions and nutrient supply available formethanogenesis, while FPG influences groundwater flow through a reduction inpeat permeability and by creating excess pore water pressures. Water samplescollected from three well sites at Caribou Bog, Maine, show substantialdissolved CH4 (5–16 mg L−1) in peat waters below 2 m depth and anincrease in concentrations with depth. This suggests production and storageof CH4 in deep peat that may be episodically released as FPG. Two minincrement pressure transducer data reveal approximately 5 cmfluctuations in hydraulic head from both deep and shallow peat that arebelieved to be indicative of FPG release. FPG release persists up to 24 hduring decreasing atmospheric pressure and a rising water table.Preferential flow is seen towards an area of relatively lower hydraulic headassociated with the esker and pool system. Increased CH4 concentrationsare also found at the depth of the esker crest, suggesting that the highpermeability esker is acting as a conduit for groundwater flow, driving adownward transport of labile carbon, resulting in higher rates of CH4production

Using hydrologic measurements to investigate free-phase gas ebullition in a Maine peatland, USA