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Floods are one of the most dangerous natural hazards in Mediterraneanregions. Flood forecasting tools and early warning systems can be verybeneficial to reducing flood risk. Event-based rainfall–runoff models arefrequently employed for operational flood forecasting purposes because oftheir simplicity and the reduced number of parameters involved with respectto continuous models. However, the advantages related to the reducedparameterization oppose to the need of a correct initialization of themodel, especially in areas characterized by strong climate seasonality. Inthis case, the use of continuous models could be desirable but it is veryproblematic in poorly gauged areas where continuous rainfall and temperaturedata are not available. This paper introduces a Simplified ContinuousRainfall–Runoff model (SCRRM), which uses globally available soil moistureretrievals to identify the initial wetness condition of the catchment, and,only event rainfall data to simulate discharge hydrographs. The modelcalibration involves only three parameters. For soil moisture, besides in situ data,satellite products from the Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) and the AdvancedMicrowave Scanning Radiometer for Earth observation (AMSR-E) sensors wereemployed. Additionally, the ERA-Land reanalysis soil moisture product of theEuropean Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) was used.  SCRRM was tested in the small catchment of the Rafina River, 109 km<sup>2</sup>,located in the eastern Attica region, Greece. Specifically, sixteen recordedrainfall–runoff events were simulated by considering the differentindicators for the estimation of the initial soil moisture conditions from insitu, satellite and reanalysis data. By comparing the performance of thedifferent soil moisture products, we conclude that: (i) all global indicatorsallow for a fairly good reproduction of the selected flood events, providingmuch better results than those obtained from setting constant initialconditions; (ii) the use of all the indicators yields similar results whencompared with a standard continuous simulation approach that, however, ismore data demanding; (iii) SCRRM is robust since it shows good performancesin validation for a significant flood event that occurred on February 2013(after calibrating the model for small to medium flood events). Due to thewide diffusion of globally available soil moisture retrievals and the limitednumber of parameters used, the proposed modelling approach is very suitablefor runoff prediction in poorly gauged areas

Using globally available soil moisture indicators for flood modelling in Mediterranean catchments