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The Hoa Binh dam (HBD), located on a tributary of the Red River in Vietnam, has acapacity of 9.45 × 109 m3 and was commissioned inDecember 1988. Although it is important for flood prevention, electricityproduction and irrigation in northern Vietnam, the Hoa Binh dam has alsohighly influenced the suspended sediment distribution in the lower Red Riverbasin, in the delta and in the coastal zone. Its impact was analysed from a50-year data set of water discharge and suspended sediment concentration(1960–2010), and the distribution of water and sediment across the ninemouths of the delta was simulated using the MIKE11 numerical model before andafter the dam settlement. Although water discharge at the delta inletdecreased by only 9%, the yearly suspended sediment flux dropped, onaverage, by 61% at Son Tay near Hanoi (from 119 to46 × 106 t yr−1). Along the coast, reduced sedimentationrates are coincident with the lower sediment delivery observed since theimpoundment of the Hoa Binh dam. Water regulation has led to decreased waterdischarge in the wet season (−14% in the Red River at Son Tay) andincreased water discharge in the dry season (+12% at the same station).The ratios of water and suspended sediment flows, as compared to the totalflows in the nine mouths, increased in the northern and southern estuariesand decreased in the central, main Ba Lat mouth. The increasing volume ofdredged sediments in the Haiphong harbour is evidence of the silting up ofthe northern estuary of Cam–Bach Dang. The effect of tidal pumping onenhanced flow occurring in the dry season and resulting from changed waterregulation is discussed as a possible cause of the enhanced siltation of theestuary after Hoa Binh dam impoundment

Impact of the Hoa Binh dam (Vietnam) on water and sediment budgets in the Red River basin and delta