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Currently, no extensive, near real time, global soil moisture observation network  exists. Therefore, the Met Office global soil moisture analysis scheme  has instead used observations of screen temperature and  humidity. A number of new space-borne remote sensing systems,  operating at microwave frequencies, have been developed that provide  a more direct retrieval of surface soil moisture. These systems are  attractive since they provide global data coverage and the horizontal  resolution is similar to weather forecasting models. Several studies  show that measurements of normalised backscatter (surface soil  wetness) from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) on the meteorological  operational (MetOp) satellite contain good quality information about  surface soil moisture. This study describes methods to convert ASCAT  surface soil wetness measurements to volumetric surface soil moisture  together with bias correction and quality control. A computationally  efficient nudging scheme is used to assimilate the ASCAT volumetric  surface soil moisture data into the Met Office global soil moisture  analysis. This ASCAT nudging scheme works alongside a soil moisture  nudging scheme that uses observations of screen temperature and  humidity. Trials, using the Met Office global Unified Model, of the  ASCAT nudging scheme show a positive impact on forecasts of screen  temperature and humidity for the tropics, North America and  Australia. A comparison with in-situ soil moisture measurements from  the US also indicates that assimilation of ASCAT surface  soil wetness improves the soil moisture analysis. Assimilation of  ASCAT surface soil wetness measurements became operational during July  2010

Operational assimilation of ASCAT surface soil wetness at the Met Office