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Compartmentalisation, the subdivision of an aquifer into discrete and relatively isolated units, may be of critical importance for the protection of groundwater al- though it has been largely ignored in the groundwater litera- ture. The Lower Triassic Sherwood Sandstone, in north west of England, UK, may be a good example of an aquifer that has been compartmentalised by numerous high angle faults with displacements of up to 300 m. The study was initiated to assess the local groundwater flow, the extent of seawater invasion and the controls on recharge in the aquifer and to try to understand whether the aquifer is broken into discrete compartments. Maps and schematic cross-sections of groundwater heads for the years 1993, and 2002 were prepared to trace any structural controls on the groundwater heads across the area. Studying the contour maps and cross sections revealed that: 1) there are substantial differences in groundwater head across some of the NNW-SSE trending faults implying that groundwater flow is strongly limited by faults, 2) an anticline in the east of the area acts as a groundwater divide and 3) the groundwater head seems to follow the topography in some places, although steep changes in groundwater head occur across faults showing that they locally control the ground- water head. The aquifer was thus provisionally subdivided into several hydrogeological sub-basins based on groundwa- ter head patterns and the occurrence of major structural fea- tures (faults and a fold). Using groundwater geochemistry data, contour maps of chloride and sulphate concentration largely support the struc- tural sub-division of the area into hydrogeological sub- basins. Scrutiny of groundwater geochemical data, averaged for each sub-basin, confirmed the degree of compartmental- isation and the occurrence of sealed faults. The variation of the geochemical composition of the groundwater not only re-

hydrology and earth system sciences

Groundwater compartmentalisation: a water table height and geochemical analysis of the structural controls on the subdivision of a major aquifer, the Sherwood Sandstone, Merseyside, UK