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This work evaluates particle size–composition distributions simulatedby the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model usingmicro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) measurements at 18sites across North America. Size-resolved measurements of particulateSO42−, NO3−, NH4+, Na+,Cl−, Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ arecompared to CMAQ model output for discrete sampling periods between2002 and 2005. The observation sites were predominantly in remoteareas (e.g., National Parks) in the USA and Canada, andmeasurements were typically made for a period of roughly 1 month.For SO42− and NH4+, model performance wasconsistent across the USA and Canadian sites, with the model slightlyoverestimating the peak particle diameter and underestimating the peakparticle concentration compared to the observations. Na+ andMg2+ size distributions were generally well represented atcoastal sites, indicating reasonable simulation of emissions from seaspray. CMAQ is able to simulate the displacement of Cl− inaged sea spray aerosol, though the extent of Cl− depletionrelative to Na+ is often underpredicted. The modelperformance for NO3− exhibited much more site-to-sitevariability than that of SO42− and NH4+, with themodel ranging from an underestimation to overestimation of both thepeak diameter and peak particle concentration across thesites. Computing PM2.5 from the modeled size distributionparameters rather than by summing the masses in the Aitken andaccumulation modes resulted in differences in daily averages of up to1 μg m−3 (10 %), while the difference in seasonaland annual model performance compared to observations from theInteragency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE), Chemical Speciation Network (CSN), andAir Quality System (AQS) networks was very small. Two updates to the CMAQaerosol model – changes to the assumed size and mode width of emittedparticles and the implementation of gravitational settling – resultedin small improvements in modeled size distributions

geoscientific model development

Evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model v5.0 against size-resolved measurements of inorganic particle composition across sites in North America