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The DCESS (Danish Center for Earth System Science) Antarctic Ice Sheet (DAIS) model is presented. Model hindcasts ofAntarctic ice sheet (AIS) sea level equivalent are forced by reconstructedAntarctic temperatures, global mean sea level and high-latitude, oceansubsurface temperatures, the latter calculated using the DCESS model forced by reconstructed global meanatmospheric temperatures. The model is calibrated by comparing suchhindcasts for different model configurations with paleoreconstructions ofAIS sea level equivalent from the last interglacial, the last glacialmaximum and the mid-Holocene. The calibrated model is then validated againstpresent estimates of the rate of AIS ice loss. It is found that a high-orderdependency of ice flow at the grounding line on water depth there is neededto capture the observed response of the AIS at ice age terminations.Furthermore, it is found that a dependency of this ice flow on oceansubsurface temperature by way of ice shelf demise and a resultingbuttressing decrease is needed to explain the contribution of the AIS toglobal mean sea level rise at the last interglacial. When forced andcalibrated in this way, model hindcasts of the rate of present-day AIS iceloss agree with recent, data-based estimates of this ice loss rate

geoscientific model development

Formulation, calibration and validation of the DAIS model (version 1), a simple Antarctic ice sheet model sensitive to variations of sea level and ocean subsurface temperature