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Based on direct measurements of half-hourly canopy evapotranspiration (ET;W m−2) using the eddy covariance (EC) system and daily soil evaporation(E; mm day−1) using microlysimeters over a crop ecosystem in aridnorthwestern China from 27 May to 14 September in 2013, a Bayesian method wasused to simultaneously parameterize the soil surface and canopy resistancesin the Shuttleworth–Wallace (S–W) model. Four of the six parameters showedrelatively larger uncertainty reductions (> 50%), andtheir posterior distributions became approximately symmetric with distinctivemodes. There was a moderately good agreement between measured and simulatedvalues of half-hourly ET and daily E with a linear regression being y =0.84 x + 0.18 (R2 = 0.83) and y = 1.01 x + 0.01 (R2 = 0.82),respectively. The causes of underestimations of ET by the S–W model waspossibly attributed to the microscale advection, which can contribute anadded energy in the form of downward sensible heat fluxes to the ET process.Therefore, the advection process should be taken into account in simulatingET in heterogeneous land surfaces. Also, underestimations were observed on orshortly after rainy days, which may be due to direct evaporation of liquidwater intercepted in the canopy. Thus, the canopy interception model shouldbe coupled to the S–W model in the long-term ET simulation

geoscientific model development

Simultaneously assimilating multivariate data sets into the two-source evapotranspiration model by Bayesian approach: application to spring maize in an arid region of northwestern China