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. Regional reanalyses provide a dynamically consistent recreation of past weather observations at scales useful for local-scale environmentalapplications. The development of convection-permitting models (CPMs) in numerical weather prediction has facilitated the creation of kilometre-scale(1–4 km) regional reanalysis and climate projections. The Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric high-resolution Regional Reanalysis forAustralia (BARRA) also aims to realize the benefits of these high-resolution models over Australian sub-regions for applications such as fire dangerresearch by nesting them in BARRA's 12 km regional reanalysis (BARRA-R). Four midlatitude sub-regions are centred on Perth in WesternAustralia, Adelaide in South Australia, Sydney in New South Wales (NSW), and Tasmania. The resulting 29-year 1.5 km downscaled reanalyses(BARRA-C) are assessed for their added skill over BARRA-R and global reanalyses for near-surface parameters (temperature, wind, and precipitation) atobservation locations and against independent 5 km gridded analyses. BARRA-C demonstrates better agreement with point observations fortemperature and wind, particularly in topographically complex regions and coastal regions. BARRA-C also improves upon BARRA-R in terms of the intensityand timing of precipitation during the thunderstorm seasons in NSW and spatial patterns of sub-daily rain fields during storm events. BARRA-Creflects known issues of CPMs: overestimation of heavy rain rates and rain cells, as well as underestimation of light rain occurrence. As a hindcast-onlysystem, BARRA-C largely inherits the domain-averaged bias pattern from BARRA-R but does produce different climatological extremes for temperatureand precipitation. An added-value analysis of temperature and precipitation extremes shows that BARRA-C provides additional skill over BARRA-R whencompared to gridded observations. The spatial patterns of BARRA-C warm temperature extremes and wet precipitation extremes are more highlycorrelated with observations. BARRA-C adds value in the representation of the spatial pattern of cold extremes over coastal regions but remains biasedin terms of magnitude.

BARRA v1.0: kilometre-scale downscaling of an Australian regional atmospheric reanalysis over four midlatitude domains