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. The Beijing Climate Center Earth System Model version 1 (BCC-ESM1) is the first version of a fully coupled Earth system model with interactive atmospheric chemistry and aerosols developed by theBeijing Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration. Major aerosolspecies (including sulfate, organic carbon, black carbon, dust, and sea salt)and greenhouse gases are interactively simulated with a whole panoply ofprocesses controlling emission, transport, gas-phase chemical reactions,secondary aerosol formation, gravitational settling, dry deposition, and wetscavenging by clouds and precipitation. Effects of aerosols on radiation,cloud, and precipitation are fully treated. The performance of BCC-ESM1 insimulating aerosols and their optical properties is comprehensivelyevaluated as required by the Aerosol Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project(AerChemMIP), covering the preindustrial mean state and time evolution from1850 to 2014. The simulated aerosols from BCC-ESM1 are quite coherent withCoupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5)-recommended data, in situ measurements from surface networks (such asIMPROVE in the US and EMEP in Europe), and aircraft observations. Acomparison of modeled aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm with satelliteobservations retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) and the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) and surface AODobservations from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) shows reasonableagreement between simulated and observed AOD. However, BCC-ESM1 showsweaker upward transport of aerosols from the surface to the middle and uppertroposphere, likely reflecting the deficiency of representing deepconvective transport of chemical species in BCC-ESM1. With an overall goodagreement between BCC-ESM1 simulated and observed aerosol properties, itdemonstrates a success of the implementation of interactive aerosol andatmospheric chemistry in BCC-ESM1.

Beijing Climate Center Earth System Model version 1 (BCC-ESM1): model description and evaluation of aerosol simulations