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Abstract. The systematic bioturbation of single particles (such as foraminifera)within deep-sea sediment archives leads to the apparent smoothing of anytemporal signal as recorded by the downcore, discrete-depth mean signal. Thissmoothing is the result of the systematic mixing of particles from a widerange of depositional ages into the same discrete-depth interval. Previoussediment models that simulate bioturbation have specifically produced anoutput in the form of a downcore, discrete-depth mean signal. However,palaeoceanographers analysing the distribution of single foraminiferaspecimens from sediment core intervals would be assisted by a model thatspecifically evaluates the effect of bioturbation upon single specimens.Taking advantage of advances in computer memory, the single-specimenSEdiment AccuMUlation Simulator (SEAMUS) was created for MATLAB and Octave,allowing for the simulation of large arrays of single specimens. This modelallows researchers to analyse the post-bioturbation age heterogeneity ofsingle specimens contained within discrete-depth sediment core intervalsand how this heterogeneity is influenced by changes in sediment accumulationrate (SAR), bioturbation depth (BD) and species abundance. The simulationalso assigns a realistic 14C activity to each specimen, by consideringthe dynamic Δ14C history of the Earth and temporal changes inreservoir age. This approach allows for the quantification of possiblesignificant artefacts arising when 14C -dating multi-specimen sampleswith heterogeneous 14C activity. Users may also assign additionaldesired carrier signals to single specimens (stable isotopes, traceelements, temperature, etc.) and consider a second species with anindependent abundance. Finally, the model can simulate a virtualpalaeoceanographer by randomly picking whole specimens (whereby the user canset the percentage of older, “broken” specimens) of a prescribed sample sizefrom discrete depths, after which virtual laboratory 14C dating and 14C calibration is carried out within the model. The SEAMUSbioturbation model can ultimately be combined with other models (proxy andecological models) to produce a full climate-to-sediment model workflow,thus shedding light on the total uncertainty involved in palaeoclimatereconstructions based on sediment archives.

SEAMUS (v1.20): a Δ&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C-enabled, single-specimen sediment accumulation simulator

SEAMUS (v1.20): a Δ<sup>14</sup>C-enabled, single-specimen sediment accumulation simulator