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Interactions between seawater and benthic systems play animportant role in global biogeochemical cycling. Benthic fluxes of somechemical elements (e.g., C, N, P, O, Si, Fe, Mn, S) alter the redox state andmarine carbonate system (i.e., pH and carbonate saturation state), which inturn modulate the functioning of benthic and pelagic ecosystems. The redoxstate of the near-bottom layer in many regions can change with time,responding to the supply of organic matter, physical regime, and coastaldischarge. We developed a model (BROM) to represent key biogeochemicalprocesses in the water and sediments and to simulate changes occurring inthe bottom boundary layer. BROM consists of a transport module(BROM-transport) and several biogeochemical modules that are fullycompatible with the Framework for the Aquatic Biogeochemical Models,allowing independent coupling to hydrophysical models in 1-D, 2-D, or 3-D. Wedemonstrate that BROM is capable of simulating the seasonality in productionand mineralization of organic matter as well as the mixing that leads tovariations in redox conditions. BROM can be used for analyzing andinterpreting data on sediment–water exchange, and for simulating theconsequences of forcings such as climate change, external nutrient loading,ocean acidification, carbon storage leakage, and point-source metalpollution

Bottom RedOx Model (BROM v.1.1): a coupled benthic–pelagic model for simulation of water and sediment biogeochemistry