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Solar-J is a comprehensive radiative transfer model for\udthe solar spectrum that addresses the needs of both solar heating and\udphotochemistry in Earth system models. Solar-J is a spectral extension of\udCloud-J, a standard in many chemical models that calculates photolysis rates\udin the 0.18–0.8 µm region. The Cloud-J core consists of an eight-stream\udscattering, plane-parallel radiative transfer solver with corrections for\udsphericity. Cloud-J uses cloud quadrature to accurately average over\udcorrelated cloud layers. It uses the scattering phase function of aerosols\udand clouds expanded to eighth order and thus avoids isotropic-equivalent\udapproximations prevalent in most solar heating codes. The spectral extension\udfrom 0.8 to 12 µm enables calculation of both scattered and absorbed\udsunlight and thus aerosol direct radiative effects and heating rates\udthroughout the Earth's atmosphere.  The Solar-J extension adopts the correlated-k gas absorption bins, primarily\udwater vapor, from the shortwave Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for general circulation model\ud(GCM)\udapplications (RRTMG-SW). Solar-J successfully matches RRTMG-SW's\udtropospheric heating profile in a clear-sky, aerosol-free, tropical\udatmosphere. We compare both codes in cloudy atmospheres with a liquid-water\udstratus cloud and an ice-crystal cirrus cloud. For the stratus cloud, both\udmodels use the same physical properties, and we find a systematic low bias\udof about 3 % in planetary albedo across all solar zenith angles caused by\udRRTMG-SW's two-stream scattering. Discrepancies with the cirrus cloud using\udany of RRTMG-SW's three different parameterizations are as large as about\ud20–40 % depending on the solar zenith angles and occur throughout the\udatmosphere.  Effectively, Solar-J has combined the best components of RRTMG-SW and\udCloud-J to build a high-fidelity module for the scattering and absorption of\udsunlight in the Earth's atmosphere, for which the three major components –\udwavelength integration, scattering, and averaging over cloud fields – all\udhave comparably small errors. More accurate solutions with Solar-J come\udwith increased computational costs, about 5 times that of RRTMG-SW for a single\udatmosphere. There are options for reduced costs or computational\udacceleration that would bring costs down while maintaining improved fidelity\udand balanced errors

A radiative transfer module for calculating photolysis rates and solar heating in climate models: Solar-J v7.5