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The rates and processes that lead to non-tectonic rock fracture onEarth's surface are widely debated but poorly understood. Few, if any,studies have made the direct observations of rock fracturing under naturalconditions that are necessary to directly address this problem. Aninstrumentation design that enables concurrent high spatial and temporalmonitoring resolution of (1) diurnal environmental conditions of a naturalboulder and its surroundings in addition to (2) the fracturing of thatboulder under natural full-sun exposure is described herein. The surface ofa fluvially transported granite boulder was instrumented with (1) sixacoustic emission (AE) sensors that record micro-crack associated, elasticwave-generated activity within the three-dimensional space of the boulder,(2) eight rectangular rosette foil strain gages to measure surface strain,(3) eight thermocouples to measure surface temperature, and (4) one surfacemoisture sensor. Additionally, a soil moisture probe and a full weatherstation that measures ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed,wind direction, barometric pressure, insolation, and precipitation wereinstalled adjacent to the test boulder. AE activity was continuouslymonitored by one logger while all other variables were acquired by aseparate logger every 60 s. The protocols associated with theinstrumentation, data acquisition, and analysis are discussed in detail.During the first four months, the deployed boulder experienced almost 12 000 AEevents, the majority of which occur in the afternoon when temperaturesare decreasing. This paper presents preliminary data that illustrates datavalidity and typical patterns and behaviors observed. This system offers thepotential to (1) obtain an unprecedented record of the natural conditionsunder which rocks fracture and (2) decipher the mechanical processes thatlead to rock fracture at a variety of temporal scales under a range ofnatural conditions

Automated field detection of rock fracturing, microclimate, and diurnal rock temperature and strain fields